Application of functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles for selective induction of three coumarin metastable polymorphs

The precise control of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystal nucleation and polymorphism is a key consideration in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In this study, tunable nanoparticles were developed to regulate the nucleation process of coumarin. Magnetic silica nanoparticles with four different functional groups (—NH₂, —COOH, —SH, —NCO) were prepared and coated on the substrate for inducing the crystallization of coumarin. Confined melt crystallization and microspacing sublimation crystallization methods were used to investigate the regulation mechanism. The results indicated that three metastable forms of coumarin can be obtained as pure components based on the combined influence of crystallization methods and functionalized nanoparticles. Form II could be selectively obtained by microspacing sublimation crystallization on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—SH substrates, and Form IV could be obtained by confined melt crystallization on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—NCO substrates. Form III could be obtained by further heating Form IV crystals to 52 ℃ on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—NCO substrates. Moreover, the polarized light microscopy results also indicated that the introduction of nanoparticles could also increase the stability of the metastable crystalline forms of coumarin. Finally, the diffusion and surface dynamics during nanoparticle induced crystallization were comparatively investigated and the corresponding polymorphic selectivity mechanism was proposed.     

大丝束CF/EP汽车地板VARTM模拟与高温力学性能

汽车轻量化是全球面临的共同问题,采用更具成本优势的大丝束碳纤维（CF）增强复合材料是实现汽车轻量化结构化的重要途径。然而,大丝束碳纤维在液体成型时,单束过多的纤维丝易导致纤维束内微观浸润困难,易产生干斑、气泡等缺陷。同时,传统的汽车电泳烘干工艺对复合材料的高温性能提出了挑战。鉴于此,本文采用0°/90°双轴向缝编大丝束碳纤布和耐高温环氧树脂（EP）,开展了纤维渗透率测试和汽车地板真空辅助树脂传递成型（VARTM）模拟优化研究,设计、制造了成型模具,成功试制出汽车地板样件,超景深显微镜观测显示纤维束内和层间浸润良好,无明显缺陷。高温在线拉伸和应变测试显示,温度对材料拉伸模量影响显著而对强度影响不大,180℃高温下应变恢复能力良好,表明该材料在高温下仍具备较好的强度和抗蠕变性能,该结果对指导复合材料能否通过传统汽车的电泳烘干工艺具有重要意义。     

介质阻挡放电低温等离子体灭活铜绿微囊藻的实验研究

采用介质阻挡放电(Dielectric Barrier Discharge, DBD)低温等离子体对铜绿微囊藻进行灭活研究,考察了电气参数、场结构参数及铜绿微囊藻溶液液相体系因素等放电条件对其灭活规律的影响。利用多种分析方法[如丙酮提取分光光度法、电导率测定、扫描电镜(SEM)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)]检验DBD低温等离子体对铜绿微囊藻的灭活效果。实验结果表明,放电条件对铜绿微囊藻灭活率有极大影响,在最佳条件下(放电电压160 V,放电电流0.6 A,介质间距4 mm,溶液初始OD值0.2,pH值为弱碱性)放电时间5 min,铜绿微囊藻的灭活率可达90%以上。经DBD低温等离子体放电处理后,藻液颜色由鲜绿色→淡绿色→浅黄色→无色,藻细胞的Chl-a含量大幅减少,光合作用能力被抑制,藻细胞的生长受阻。扫描电镜结果显示,藻细胞在放电处理前饱满、完整;而放电后的藻细胞细胞结构破坏严重,细胞膜破裂,细胞内容物泄漏,仅存少量细胞残骸。放电处理后的藻细胞电解质渗出率增大,细胞膜结构受到严重的破坏导致其通透性增大,细胞内容物外泄。DBD低温等离子体灭活铜绿微囊藻的过程中,藻毒素的含量随放电时间先增加后减小。在最佳放电条件下,放电5 min后,不仅完全降解了藻细胞破裂释放出的藻毒素,去除率达100%,还对原有水体中的藻毒素进行了降解。上述实验结果表明,DBD低温等离子体技术是一种较好的去除铜绿微囊藻的方法。该方法不仅可抑制藻细胞的增殖,造成藻细胞大量死亡,而且不会造成水体的二次污染,具有较好的应用价值。     

Stimuli-Responsive Natural Proteins and Their Applications

Natural proteins are essential biomacromolecules that fulfill versatile functions in the living organism, such as their usage as cytoskeleton, nutriment transporter, homeostasis controller, catalyzer, or immune guarder. Due to the excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility/biodegradability, natural protein-based biomaterials are well equipped for prospective applications in various fields. Among these natural proteins, stimuli-responsive proteins can be reversibly and precisely manipulated on demand, rendering the protein-based biomaterials promising candidates for numerous applications, including disease detection, drug delivery, bio-sensing, and regenerative medicine. Therefore, we present some typical natural proteins with diverse physical stimuli-responsive properties, including temperature, light, force, electrical, and magnetic sensing in this review. The structure-function mechanism of these proteins is discussed in detail. Finally, we give a summary and perspective for the development of stimuli-responsive proteins.     

玉米秸秆木质素的去甲基化/羟乙基化复合改性研究

利用亚硫酸钠和乙二醛对玉米秸秆木质素进行去甲基化/羟乙基化复合改性,以提高木质素的羟基含量和反应活性。通过FT-IR、TG、DSC以及乙酰化滴定等技术研究了木质素复合改性效果。结果表明:经过去甲基化/羟乙基化复合改性后的玉米秸秆木质素具有优异的活性,其总羟基质量分数较原料木质素提升了88.33%,酚羟基提升了14.70%,反应活性得到明显增强。FT-IR表征发现:复合改性从多方面提升了木质素的羟基含量,对羟基含量的增加有着较为显著的效果。热重和DSC表征发现:复合改性木质素(G-DL)相较于原料木质素降解得更加彻底,其放热峰出现在77℃,放热量达459.82 J/g,反应活性较去甲基化木质素(DL)和原料木质素更高。     

转炉强底吹实现超低氧含量控制的工艺实践

马钢四钢轧300 t转炉底吹系统改造后,在炉役的前1000炉冶炼超低碳钢转炉终点碳氧积均值达到了0.0013.为了验证碳氧积的真实性,通过对此炉役同期生产的67炉超低碳钢转炉终点钢水及不脱氧出钢后钢包内钢水的碳、氧进行取样验证、转炉吹炼至平衡时烟气中CO浓度(体积含量)进行分析并通过理论计算,从理论上分析了在底吹惰性气体强度为0.12～0.20 m3/(min·t)时可以实现转炉终点碳氧积为0.0013.同时发现强底吹条件下生产超低碳钢,转炉出钢过程存在着降碳增氧的现象,且由于出钢过程的钢水温度下降,钢包钢水碳氧积均低于转炉终点碳氧积.     

Interpretation of Dynamic Strain Aging in an Intercritical Annealed Steel by Dislocation Multiplication Induced by Martensitic Transformation

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - To elucidate the dynamic strain aging (DSA) mechanism that causes serrated flow in the tensile curves of an intercritical annealed steel with retained...     

极紫外宽带多层膜反射镜离散化膜系的设计与制备

极紫外(EUV)宽带多层膜的光谱性能对膜厚控制精度要求较高,仅由时间控制膜厚的镀膜系统难以满足其精度控制要求。本文提出了基于进化算法的宽带EUV多层膜离散化膜系设计方法,与传统膜系设计相比,离散化膜系所制备多层膜具有更为优良的EUV反射光谱性能。为验证离散化膜系设计在宽带EUV多层膜研制中的优越性,采用磁控溅射方法对具有离散化膜系的宽带多层膜反射镜进行了制备和测试。测试结果表明:研制的宽角度多层膜反射镜可实现入射角带宽为0°～17°,高于41%的反射率;研制的堆栈宽角度多层膜反射镜可实现入射角带宽为0°～18.5°,高于35%的反射率;研制的宽光谱多层膜反射镜可实现波长带宽为12.9～14.9 nm,高于21%的反射率。     

A study on piezoelectric energy harvester using kinetic energy of ocean

Electricity generation through fossil fuels has caused environmental pollution. Accordingly, research on new renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal heat, etc.) to replace fossil fuels and solve this problem is in progress. These devices can consistently generate power. However, they have several drawbacks, such as high installation costs and limitations in possible set-up environments. Therefore, the piezoelectric harvesting technology, which is able to overcome the limitations of existing energy technologies, is actively being studied. The piezoelectric harvesting technology uses the piezoelectric effect, which occurs in crystals that generate voltage when stress is applied. Its advantages include a wider installation base and a lower technological cost. This study investigated a piezoelectric energy-harvesting device based on constant wave motion. This device can harvest power in a constant turbulent flow in the middle of the sea. The components of the device are circuitry, percussion bar, triple layer piezoelectric bender, bearing and rudder. A multiphysical analysis coupled with the structure and piezoelectric elements was also conducted to estimate the device performance. The analysis accuracy was improved by applying the impact energy to the bender calculated based on the shape of the wave in the East Sea. The proposed device’s performance was finally confirmed by experiments.     

PET中添加MWNT对其性能及结构的影响测定

将多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)聚合时加入,制备包含MWNT不同含量的MWNT/PET复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了复合材料的结构;借助差示扫描量热仪对MWNT/PET复合材料的结晶性能进行测试。